Postoperative pain: a review of emerging therapeutic options
Introduction: Postoperative pain is often managed by opioid medications, even though they carry a risk of adverse effects such as vomiting, constipation, sedation, respiratory depression and physical dependence. Furthermore, opioid use in the healthcare setting has likely contributed to the epidemic. However, the mismanagement of postoperative pain can result in 了解关于的移动平均线指标 Expert Option delayed recovery time, impaired physical function, increased risk of morbidity and mortality, chronic pain, and higher healthcare costs.
Areas covered: This review explores emerging therapeutic options and strategies in the management of acute postoperative 了解关于的移动平均线指标 Expert Option pain and focuses on opioid-sparing, multimodal analgesia. This includes regional anesthetic techniques, non opioid pharmacotherapy, novel opioids and non-pharmacologic therapy. We have also discussed examples of novel analgesics and formulations which have potential benefits in reducing postoperative pain and opioid use after surgery.
Expert opinion: The development of novel regional anesthesia techniques allows for opioid minimization in increasing number of surgical procedures. This synergizes with the availability of novel non-opioid analgesic adjucts. In addition, several novel opioid drugs have been developed which 了解关于的移动平均线指标 Expert Option may be pathway selective and associated with less adverse effect than conventional opioids.
Keywords: Analgesic adjuncts; Opioid; Postoperative pain; Regional anesthesia.
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Standard management options for rosacea: The 2019 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee
In 2017, a National Rosacea Society Expert Committee developed and published an updated classification of rosacea to reflect current 了解关于的移动平均线指标 Expert Option insights into rosacea pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and management. These developments suggest that a multivariate disease process underlies the various clinical manifestations of the disorder. The new system is consequently based on phenotypes that link to this process, providing clear parameters for research and diagnosis as well as encouraging clinicians to assess and treat the disorder as it may occur in each individual. Meanwhile, a range of therapies has become available for rosacea, and their roles have been increasingly defined in clinical practice as the disorder has become more widely recognized. This update is intended to provide a comprehensive summary of management options, including expert evaluations, to serve as a guide for tailoring treatment and care on an individual basis to achieve 了解关于的移动平均线指标 Expert Option 了解关于的移动平均线指标 Expert Option optimal patient outcomes.
Keywords: drugs; erythema; flushing; lasers; lifestyle; management; ocular; papules; phenotypes; phymatous; pustules; rosacea; telangiectasia; therapy; utility.
Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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